Self-healing in polymers and polymer composites
| Polymer Matrix | Healing System | Healing Mechanism | Trigger Mechanism | Reference |
Epoxy |
DCPD-Grubbs' |
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization |
Crack induced rupture of embedded microcapsules |
1-3 |
Epoxy |
DCPD-Grubbs' |
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization |
Crack induced rupture of microvascular networks |
4-5 |
Furan-Maleimide |
Furan-maleimide |
Diels-Alder reaction |
Heating |
6 |
Melamine-Formaldehyde |
Furan-maleimide |
Diels-Alder reaction |
Heating |
7 |
Epoxy |
Furan-maleimide |
Diels-Alder reaction |
Heating |
8 |
Polyurethane |
1-(2-Aminoethyl) imidazolidone |
Hydrogen bonding |
Moisture |
9-10 |
Epoxy/PDMS/GO |
Polydisulfides |
Disulfide bond exchange reaction |
Heating |
11 |
Polyurethane |
Polydisulfides |
Disulfide bond exchange reaction |
Heating |
12 |
Epoxy |
DCPD-Grubbs' |
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization |
Crack induced rupture of microvascular networks |
13 |
Polyurethane |
Pyridine type |
Electrostatic interactions between zwitterions |
Humidity |
14 |
Poly(acrylic acid-co-stearyl methacrylate) |
DPHF hydrogels |
Hydrophobic association |
Moisture |
15 |
Polydisulfide |
4-Aminophenyl disulfide/ |
Dynamic exchange of |
Catalyst |
16 |
PAA-based Hydrogel |
PAA-6βCD / |
Supramolecular |
Redox |
17-18 |
Urea-urethane network |
Polydisulfides |
Dynamic exchange of |
Heating |
19 |
Ionomers |
EMNa/EVA, |
Ionic interaction |
Heat, pressure |
20 |
Silicone rubber |
Polysiloxane/platinum |
Platinum catalyzed |
Crack induced rupture of embedded microcapsules |
21 |
aCyclodextrins modified polyacrylic acid (PAA) [host polymers] + PAA with ferrocene [guest polymer]
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